ОРГАНИКАЛЫҚ ҚАЛДЫҚТАРДЫ ҚАЙТА ӨҢДЕУДІҢ ЭКОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ ҚАУІПСІЗ ТӘЖІРИБЕЛІК ТЕХНОЛОГИЯСЫ

Abstract

This research work studies the technology of preparing fresh cattle manure for the production of vermicompost by chemical treatment in the Turkestan region. The aim of the study was to improve the agrochemical and microbiological quality indicators of raw materials while ensuring their sanitary safety. The physicochemical (humidity – 72.4%, pH – 7.2, total N – 1.15%, P₂O₅ – 0.72%, K₂O – 0.95%, organic matter – 68.5%, C:N ≈ 25:1) and microbiological composition of raw manure (E. coli – 2.1×10⁶ CFU/g, Salmonella spp. positive, helminth eggs - 15-20 pcs/g) were determined. For preliminary treatment, a 10% aqueous suspension of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) with a mass fraction of 5% was used. During the treatment, the pH of the medium increased to 11–12, and the number of pathogenic microorganisms decreased significantly. During the composting period after chemical disinfection, the number of microbes decreased exponentially, reaching 1.0×10³ CFU/g in the finished vermicompost, which meets sanitary and hygienic standards. The results of the study showed that chemical treatment of manure reduces the time of vermicompost production and increases the content of nutrients (N, P, K) by 10–25%. This technology allows producing environmentally friendly, mineral-rich organic fertilizers in agriculture.