КАРБОНАТТЫ ТОЛТЫРҒЫШ НЕГІЗІНДЕГІ СУДЫ АЗ ТҰТЫНАТЫН ЦЕМЕНТ

Abstract

The necessity of reducing clinker content in industrial cements to decrease energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions encourages the wider use of blended binders with a high proportion of supplementary mineral additives (from 30% to 80%). Their application not only reduces the share of expensive clinker but also enhances the construction and technical properties of concrete, such as water resistance, frost resistance, crack resistance, and corrosion resistance. The authors propose an approach for the most efficient utilization of mineral additives by producing low-water-demand cements (LWDCs), in which the clinker content is minimized while surpassing not only blended binders but also all general-purpose Portland cements produced by leading manufacturers in Europe, Asia, and America in terms of technological, operational, and environmental performance. The study presents comparative results of physical and mechanical tests of cement stone and concretes prepared based on both standard Portland cement and LWDC, in which a carbonate filler was used as the mineral component. A comparative assessment of the composition of crystalline hydrates in the microstructure of CEM I 42.5N cement stone and «carbonate» LWDC-50 was conducted using X-ray phase analysis. It was shown that LWDC-50 forms calcium hydrocarbonaluminates of the GKAC-3 and GKAC-1 types, which apparently contribute to its early intensive hardening and increased activity at 28 days.