УЫТТЫЛЫҒЫ ТӨМЕН ФАНЕРА ӨНДІРІСІНДЕ ШПОНДЫ ЖЕЛІМДЕУ ПРОЦЕСТЕРІН ЗЕРТТЕУ

Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive study of veneer bonding processes in plywood manufacturing. The main objective of the research is to determine and implement an effective low-toxicity adhesive formulation that ensures high physical, mechanical, and technological properties of plywood. The primary adhesive used was carbamide-melamine-formaldehyde resin (CMF resin). Due to its high melamine content, this resin provides enhanced water resistance and low formaldehyde emission levels (0.5-1.0 mg/L), corresponding to E1 toxicity class. The plywood was manufactured from birch veneer in a 7-layer structure. The bonding process was carried out at a temperature of 120-130⁰C, pressure of 1.2 MPa, and pressing time of 6 minutes. The resulting physical and mechanical properties: bonding strength – 1.2-1.4 MPa (meets or exceeds the 1.0 MPa minimum required by GOST 3916.1); water resistance – no delamination after 24 hours in water; density – 0.68-0.74 g/cm³; formaldehyde emission – 0.6 mg/L (perforator method); flexibility and hardness – within standard requirements. The results demonstrate that CMF resin is an effective solution for producing high-quality, low-toxicity plywood. This adhesive can be widely used in the furniture industry, interior construction, and in the manufacture of wood products for children’s and medical facilities.